Cytokine storm is suspected of producing the overzealous immune response driving the severe cardiopulmonary complications that fuel high morbidity and mortality rates in certain COVID-19 infected individuals. IL-1β is one of the key inflammatory cytokines implicated in the cytokine storm syndrome. Inhibition of IL-1β induced cellular signaling with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra has shown promise in treating cytokine storm and is proposed as a potential therapy for subjects with this severe complication of COVID-19. Yet little is known about the immune cell subtypes most responsive to IL-1β induced inflammatory signals in humans. We have developed a custom CyTOF panel and have identified the immune cell targets of IL-1β, and direct and indirect signaling, induced by IL-1β. Our data showing individual heterogeneity in response to IL-1β stimulation and inhibition by anakinra suggest that immune phenotyping of COVID-19 subjects using a similar approach could be effective in identifying those at risk for cytokine storm and those most likely to benefit from IL-1β inhibition.