A recent study published in the journal Obesity has shown that highly processed foods may be driving the obesity epidemic by increasing “protein hunger” and causing people to overeat.
The study included data from over 9,000 Australians who participated in the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. The authors of the study sought to test the predictions of the protein leverage hypothesis (PLH), which states that the drive for protein intake can cause humans to overeat and gain weight when their diets contain too many fats and carbohydrates. Since processed and refined foods are low in protein and high in fats and carbohydrates, modern humans may overeat these processed foods until they have satisfied their body’s appetite for protein, which causes weight gain and obesity. To test this hypothesis, the authors of the study measured total energy intake per day and energy intake versus time to see whether either was related to the protein content of meals.
The researchers found that their results matched the predications of the PLH. Participants who consumed lower amounts of protein earlier in the day increased their overall food intake throughout the day, whereas those who received the recommended amount of protein in their first meal decreased their food intake throughout the day. Importantly, those who consumed a higher proportion of protein in their first meal of the day had lower overall energy intake. Moreover, those who consumed a lower proportion of protein than recommended for their first meal made poorer dietary choices throughout the day, including consuming more foods high in saturated fats and sugars and fewer healthful foods such as fruits, grains, and vegetables.
The obesity epidemic is worsening across the globe and is associated with a variety of health problems, including heart disease. The results of the study suggest simple, actionable steps to fend off obesity: avoid processed foods and eat a high-protein breakfast.
Sources: Obesity, Science Daily