The research team studied two kinds of musical combinations, consonant chords and dissonant chords. In consonant chords, the notes are simpler and closer to each other on the scaled. Dissonant chords, for example the C and F# are not as harmonious and to the western ear can sound unpleasant. The team worked qith 100 participants from a remote Amazonian tribe known as the Tsimane who had little or no exposure to Western music or its patterns. When they listened to examples of dissonant and consonant chords, they didn’t express a real preference and actually did not rate the dissonant chords as unpleasant at all.
Josh McDermott, the Frederick A. and Carole J. Middleton Assistant Professor of Neuroscience in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT and Ricardo Godoy, a professor at Brandeis University, led the study. It is published in the July 13, 2016 issue of the journal Nature. In a press release, McDermott stated, “This study suggests that preferences for consonance over dissonance depend on exposure to Western musical culture, and that the preference is not innate.”
The team did two sets of research, in 2011 and in 2015. The played music for the Tsimane tribe members as well as four other groups: Spanish-speaking Bolivians who live in a small town near the Tsimane, residents of the Bolivian capital, La Paz. And groups of Americans that included musicians and non-musicians.
McDermott described the results as follows, “What we found is the preference for consonance over dissonance varies dramatically across those five groups. In the Tsimane it’s undetectable, and in the two groups in Bolivia, there’s a statistically significant but small preference. In the American groups it’s quite a bit larger, and it’s bigger in the musicians than in the non-musicians.”
These results are what led the team to conclude that musical preferences come from culture and not inborn neurological preferences. Several control features were built into the study to make sure the results were as accurate as possible and the team feels confident in the outcome. The video below goes into more detail about the study so check it and let us know in the comments what you think.
Sources: The Atlantic MIT News The Washington Post