A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology explores the potential of Djon Djon, a unique mushroom fermented by the yeast Saccharomyces, for its beneficial effects on skin cell repair and photodamage recovery. The study investigates how the fermented mushroom broth, referred to as DDF, influences oxidative stress, inflammation, and key molecular pathways in skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes under stress conditions, specifically focusing on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damage.
One of the primary findings of the study is that DDF upregulates the expression of fibronectin 1 (FN1), a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). FN1 is critical for regulating cell-matrix adhesion, cellular migration, and cytoskeletal dynamics. The interaction between FN1 and integrins plays a pivotal role in cellular signaling and tissue repair. The study suggests that DDF, through its interaction with hyaluronic acid (HA), promotes the expression of FN1. HA is known to regulate ECM components, and this study confirms that the increase in HA from DDF results in higher FN1 expression, which helps skin cells recover from damage.
The study also highlights the involvement of cytochrome c (CYCS), a key protein in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. CYCS acts as an electron carrier, facilitating the transfer of electrons between complexes III and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Beyond its role in cellular energy production, CYCS is also involved in regulating oxidative stress and maintaining cellular health. DDF was found to influence the expression of CYCS, which was linked to its antioxidant effects. These findings underscore the potential of DDF to counteract the damaging effects of free radicals, which are commonly generated by UV exposure and environmental pollutants.
In addition to its antioxidant properties, DDF was found to affect inflammatory pathways. The study identified changes in the expression of genes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism, all of which are crucial in regulating inflammatory responses. Arachidonic acid metabolites, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and other metabolites like histidine and phenylalanine, are known to act as major mediators of inflammation. DDF treatment resulted in a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins IL-6 and IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which are typically elevated during inflammatory responses. The ability of DDF to reduce these pro-inflammatory markers suggests its potential in alleviating inflammation, particularly in conditions like sunburn or other forms of skin irritation caused by UV exposure.
The findings suggest that DDF could be a valuable ingredient in skincare products aimed at reducing photodamage and improving overall skin health. Future research into the gene regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways affected by DDF will further expand its potential applications in both health and beauty industries.
Sources: Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology