mouse monoclonal IgG1; V-ATPase B1/2 Antibody (D-4) is an IgG1 κ mouse monoclonal V-ATPase B1/2 antibody (also designated VATB1 antibody, VATB2 antibody, H+ Transporting V1 Subunit antibody, ATPase H+ Transporting Lysosomal 56/58kDa V1 Subunit antibody, V-Type Proton ATPase Subunit B Brain Isoform antibody, Endomembrane Proton Pump 58 KDa Subunit antibody, Vacuolar Proton Pump Subunit antibody, V-ATPase Subunit antibody, ATP6B1 antibody, ATP6B2 antibody, VATB antibody, or V-ATPase B Subunit antibody) that detects the V-ATPase B1/2 protein of mouse, rat and human origin by WB, IP, IF, IHC(P) and ELISA. V-ATPase B1/2 Antibody (D-4) is available as both the non-conjugated anti-V-ATPase B1/2 antibody form, as well as multiple conjugated forms of anti-V-ATPase B1/2 antibody, including agarose, HRP, PE, FITC and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multisubunit enzyme responsible for acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPases pump protons against an electrochemical gradient, while F-ATPases reverse the process, thereby synthesizing ATP. A peripheral V1 domain, which is responsible for ATP hydrolysis, and a integral V0 domain, which is responsible for proton translocation, compose V-ATPase. Nine subunits (A-H) make up the V1 domain and five subunits (a, d, c, c' and c") make up the V0 domain. Like F-ATPase, V-ATPase most likely operates through a rotary mechanism. The V-ATPase V1 B subunit exists as two isoforms. In the inner ear, the V-ATPase B1 isoform functions in proton secretion and is required to maintain proper endolymph pH and normal auditory function. The gene encoding the human V-ATPase B1 isoform maps to chromosome 2cen-q13. Mutations in this gene cause distal renal tubular acidosis associated with sensorineural deafness. The V-ATPase B2 isoform is expressed in kidney and is the only B isoform expressed in osteoclasts. The gene encoding the human V-ATPase B2 isoform maps to chromosome 8p22-p21.