mouse monoclonal IgG1; β-Actin Antibody (C4) is an IgG1 κ mouse monoclonal beta-Actin antibody that detects the beta-Actin protein of mouse, rat, human, avian, bovine, canine, porcine, rabbit, Dictyostelium discoideum and Physarum polycephalum origin by WB, IP, IF, IHC(P) and ELISA. β-Actin Antibody (C4) is available as both the non-conjugated anti-beta-Actin antibody form, as well as multiple conjugated forms of anti-beta-Actin antibody, including agarose, HRP, PE, FITC and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates. β-Actin belongs to the actin protein family, which is expressed by all eukaryotic cells. β-Actin is highly conserved among species, making the β-Actin Antibody (C4) suitable for detection of β-Actin expressed in both mammalian and non-mammalian cells. The actin protein often constitutes as much as 50% of total cellular protein. Actin filaments can form both stable and labile structures and are crucial components of microvilli and the contractile apparatus of muscle cells. Due to the cellular localization of β-Actin protein, the β-Actin Antibody (C4) shows cytoplasmic and membrane staining. While lower eukaryotes, such as yeast, have only one Actin gene, higher eukaryotes have several isoforms encoded by a family of genes. At least six types of Actin are present in mammalian tissues and fall into three classes. α-Actin expression is limited to various types of muscle, whereas β-Actin and γ-Actin are the principle constituents of filaments in other tissues. Members of the small GTPase family regulate the organization of the Actin cytoskeleton. Rho controls the assembly of Actin stress fibers and focal adhesion. Rac regulates Actin filament accumulation at the plasma membrane. Cdc42 stimulates formation of filopodia.