mouse monoclonal IgG1; JNK Antibody (D-2) is an IgG1 κ mouse monoclonal JNK antibody (also designated MAPK8/9/10 antibody or SAPK/JNK antibody) that detects the JNK protein of mouse, rat and human origin by WB, IP, IF, IHC(P), FCM and ELISA. JNK Antibody (D-2) is available as both the non-conjugated anti-JNK antibody form, as well as multiple conjugated forms of anti-JNK antibody, including agarose, HRP, PE, FITC and multiple Alexa Fluor® conjugates. JNK proteins phosphorylate and augment transcriptional activity of c-Jun. JNKs originate from three genes that yield 10 isoforms through alternative mRNA splicing, including JNK1a1,JNK1b1, JNK2a1, JNK2b1, and JNK3a1, which represent the p46 isoforms, and JNK1a2, JNK1b2, JNK2a2, JNK2b2, and JNK3b2, which represent the p54 isoforms.JNKs coordinate cell responses to stress and influence regulation of cell growth and transformation. The human JNK1 (PRKM8, SAPK1, MAPK8) gene maps to chromosome 10q11.22 and shares 83% amino acid identity with JNK2. JNK1 is necessary for normal activation and differentiation of CD4 helper T (TH) cells into TH1 and TH2 effector cells. Capsaicin activates JNK1 and p38 in ras-transformed human breast epithelial cells. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) upregulate JNK1 in addition to c-Fos, c-Jun, and other signaling kinases, including MEKK1 and p38. The JNK Antibody (D-2) is broadly reactive with all JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 p46 and p54 isoforms in mouse, rat and human.