Harnessing a Biorepository for Human Immuno-Oncology Research

The field of immuno-oncology (IO) has grown rapidly, with multiple therapies demonstrating significant survival benefit and becoming the standard of care for various cancers. However, more than 85% of immunotherapy drugs fail in clinical trials, highlighting the biological complexity of human disease and substantial interpatient variability that complicates drug development. Biorepositories play a crucial role in overcoming these challenges by providing specimens that offer critical insights into these intricate tumor-immune interactions. This session will explore the types of samples commonly available through biorepositories, how this is achieved, and emerging technologies and model systems that maximize the scientific value of these limited resources.

Biorepository study protocols often support the collection of tumors from various origins, along with paired tissue or fluid samples, for diverse research applications. However, these activities must pose no greater than minimal risk to donors, a key factor shaping biospecimen availability. Yield limitations also influence the diversity and quality of sample preservations, directly impacting assay feasibility and success. Despite these constraints, advancements in analytical techniques have enhanced our ability to maximize the value generated from available samples. Breakthroughs in genomics and spatial imaging have revolutionized the analysis of tumor-immune dynamics in situ, both locally and systemically. Additionally, innovative preclinical modeling allows deeper investigation into drug responses and biological mechanisms within the human tumor microenvironment. Collectively, there is strong rationale and opportunity to enhance the next generation of IO discoveries through biospecimen research.

Learning Objectives: 

1. Describe the role of biorepositories in immuno-oncology research and how they contribute to understanding tumor-immune interactions.

2. Explain the challenges associated with biospecimen collection, preservation, and yield limitations, and their impact on assay feasibility.

3. Evaluate emerging technologies and model systems that enhance the scientific value of biorepository samples for immuno-oncology discoveries.