We celebrate the centennial of the discovery of heparin this year. Even after 100 years, heparin is still one of the most prescribed anticoagulants. The clinical laboratory plays a central role in the management of patients receiving heparin. During this webinar, the differences between unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) will be described as well as the impact these differences may have relative to monitoring. The traditional surrogate marker(s) used as a means of monitoring and measuring efficacy and safety of UFH and LMWH will be detailed and advantages and disadvantages will be identified with a focus upon reference range and limitations of the aPTT, and the benefit of anti-Xa monitoring of UFH and LMWH. Management strategies for appropriate use of anti-Xa heparin level determinations will be discussed.