Leukodystrophy is a type of rare, genetic disorder impacting the white matter of the brain, the deep tissue containing nerve fibers and neurons. Leukodystrophy causes damage to the myelin sheath, a protective layer that provides insulation around the nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Damage to this area inhibits or prevents signals sent between the brain and the rest of the body. Leukodystrophy is generally neuro-degenerative and developmental issues can interfere with movement, speech, vision, hearing and physical development.